Monthly Data

1. VEMAP2: Monthly

VEMAP2 (Vegetation / Ecosystem Modeling and Analysis Project)  Kittel et al., 1997 ; Kittel et al., 1995 ; VEMAP members, 1995 ) has provided continuous time series of monthly values from the historical period (1895 - 1993) and a set of future climate scenarios (1994 - 2100).  To date, the scenarios include the Canadian and Hadley GCM scenarios.  Both Canadian GCM ( CGCM1) and Hadley GCM ( HADCM2) experiments available from VEMAP include 1% equivalent CO₂ increase per year plus sulfate aerosols.  Three sets of monthly time series and three sets of decadal averages are provided for regional and sectoral assessments.monthly time series (historical + both GCM scenarios)

monthly time series (historical + scenario)

1. each grid point within each region
2. each grid point within each watershed
3. averaged over each region
4. averaged over each watershed

1. 1961 - 1990 (historical baseline)
2. 2025 - 2034 (30 years in the future for both GCM scenarios)
3. 2090 - 2099 (100 years in the future for both GCM scenarios)

• VEMAP2 Homepage
• VEMAP2 Overview for the National Assessment
• VEMAP2 Dataset Description
• VEMAP2 Data Access

Restrictions on use:

The HADCM2 data may only be used for purposes related to VEMAP or the U. S. National Assessment.  For any other purposes, you must get permission directly from David Viner at LINK (David Viner).

2. HCN Monthly   

Historical Climatology Network includes observations from 1221 stations within the contiguous U. S. and 46 stations from Alaska.  Variables include monthly averaged maximum, minimum, and mean temperature and total monthly precipitation (Karl et al., 1990 ).

Daily Data

1. VEMAP2:  Daily fields are generated from monthly fields using a stochastic weather generator.  Grid point daily data are not spatially auto-correlated at the daily timestep (i.e. daily events are not synchronous in adjacent grid cels), but are resolved on the VEMAP 0.5^o x 0.5^o grid, a finer resolution than the GCM data.  Same variables available as above, over historical and scenario time periods, for all grid points only (no regional subsets).  [by request only].
2. CGCM1 and HADCM2 data directly from the GCM at model resolution (e.g. 3.75^o x 3.75^o).  Grid points are spatially auto-correlated at the daily timestep.  Daily data will be available for the following time periods for the 1% equivalent CO ₂ increase per year plus sulfate aerosols:
               1975 - 2000
               2040 - 2060
               2080 - 2100
   Restrictions on use:
   The HADCM2 data may only be used for purposes related to VEMAP or the U. S. National Assessment.  For any other purposes, you must get permission directly from David Viner at LINK (David Viner ).
    
3. HCN Daily Data , includes observations from 187 stations in the contiguous U. S.  Variables include maximum temperature, miniumum temperature, and precipitation.

Other Atmospheric Fields from these Scenarios (including upper-air data)

CCCma CGCM1 ( Boer et al., 1997 ; Flato et al., 1997 ) and UKMO Hadley Centre HADCM2 ( Johns et al., 1997 ; Mitchell et al., 1995 ) data directly from the GCM at model resolution.  Please use the first ensemble (of 3 from the CGCM1 and of 4 from the HADCM2) from both models for consistency with the VEMAP2 data.  The CGCM1 time period is from 1850 - 2100, and the HADCM2 time period is from 1860 - 2099.  Some CGCM1 data are currently available at  CGCM1  , while some HADCM2 data are currently available at IPCC Data Distribution Centre .

Other Scenarios and GCMs

Both the CCC CGCM1 and UKMO Hadley Centre HADCM2 model runs include experiments forced with emission scenarios of 1% equivalent CO₂ increase per year without sulfate aerosols, as well as a control experiment with present concentration of greenhouse gases.  The HADCM2 also has scenarios using IS92d, which approximates 0.5% equivalent CO₂ increase per year, with and without sulfate aerosols.   Some CGCM1 data are currently available at  CGCM1  , while some HADCM2 data are currently available at IPCC Data Distribution Centre .

Future data using the MPI/DKRZ, NCAR, GFDL, and GISS GCMs will be made available.   Data from many GCMs, including the MPI/DKRZ GCM (ECHAM4/OPYC3) and HADCM2, are available at  IPCC Data Distribution Centre .

Restrictions on use:

The HADCM2 data may only be used for purposes related to VEMAP or the U. S. National Assessment.  For any other purposes, you must get permission directly from David Viner at LINK (David Viner ).

References:

Boer, G.J.; Flato, G.M.; Reader, M.C.; Ramsden, D., "Transient climate change simulation with historical and projected greenhouse gas and aerosol forcing", 1997, in manuscript.

Flato, G.M.; Boer, G.J.; Lee, W.G.; McFarlane, N.A.; Ramsden, D.; Reader, M.C.; Weaver, A.J., "The Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis Global Coupled Model and its Climate", 1997, in manuscript.

Johns T.C., Carnell R.E., Crossley J.F., Gregory J.M., Mitchell J.F.B., Senior C.A., Tett S.F.B. and Wood R.A. 1997 The Second Hadley Centre coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM: Model description, spinup and validation. Climate Dynamics 13:103-134.

Karl, T.R., C.N. Williams, Jr., F.T. Quinlan, and T.A. Boden, 1990: United States Historical Climatology Network (HCN) Serial Temperature and Precipitation Data, Environmental Science Division, Publication No. 3404, Carbon Dioxide Information and Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 389 pp.

Kittel, T.G.F., N.A. Rosenbloom, T.H. Painter, D.S. Schimel, and VEMAP Modeling Participants. 1995. The VEMAP integrated database for modeling United States ecosystem/vegetation sensitivity to climate change. Journal of Biogeography 22: 857-862.

Kittel, T.G.F., J.A. Royle, C. Daly, N.A. Rosenbloom, W.P. Gibson, H.H. Fisher, D.S. Schimel, L.M. Berliner, and VEMAP2 Participants. 1997. A gridded historical (1895-1993) bioclimate dataset for the conterminous United States. Pages 219-222, in: Proceedings of the 10th Conference on Applied Climatology, 20-24 October 1997, Reno, NV. American Meteorological Society, Boston.

Mitchell J.F.B., Johns T.C., Gregory J.M. and Tett S. 1995 Climate response to increasing levels of greenhouse gases and sulphate
aerosols. Nature 376:501-504.

VEMAP Members. 1995. Vegetation/Ecosystem Modeling and Analysis Project (VEMAP): Comparing biogeography and biogeochemistry models in a continental-scale study of terrestrial ecosystem responses to climate change and CO2 doubling.  Global Biogeochemical Cycles 9:407-437.